Printer friendlyVehicle technology and adaptations
Options available with purchase of vehicle
Anti-lock braking system (ABS)
Tire pressure monitoring system
Commercially available products
Products available from your car dealer
Products available by recommendation from an occupational therapist or driving rehabilitation specialist
Introduction
Options available with purchase of vehicle
NOTE: The following options are not standard on all vehicles and are typically available when purchasing a vehicle. When purchasing your vehicle be sure to talk to the manufacturer to determine if the option you want is available. If you are purchasing a vehicle with one of the following options ensure that you can work the technology properly and are comfortable using it while driving. Some technology requires driver concentration to use so should not be used when driving.
Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
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ABS is a braking system that prevents the wheels from blocking during braking. This allows the driver to maintain steering control while braking and lowers the braking distance in most situations.
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The system monitors the speed of each wheel and transfers brake power to each wheel as needed.
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If there is a problem with the system a warning light on the dashboard will turn on to let the driver know the system is not functioning properly.
Emergency Brake Assist
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Emergency brake assist is a system that determines if the driver is braking during an emergency situation by analyzing how hard the brake pedal is being depressed. If the driver is not pressing the brake hard enough the car will apply full brake power until the ABS is activated.
Traction Control System
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Traction Control Systems prevent wheel spins when the car is accelerating. The system applies the brake or reduces engine output to reduce the power going to the wheels to help reduce any wheel spins.
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This system helps the driver accelerate and maintain control of the vehicle in slippery driving conditions.
Electronic Stability Control
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Electronic Stability Control detects and prevents skids. It detects a loss of steering control and applies the brakes to the required wheels in order to help control the direction of the vehicle.
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In addition to applying the brakes, some models may reduce engine power to help control the skid.
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When the system is engaged a warning light will appear on the dashboard to inform the driver.
Tire Pressure Monitoring System
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Tire Pressure Monitoring Systems monitor the air pressure in the tires and warn the driver when a tire is underinflated.
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There are two types of systems, direct and indirect. Direct systems use a sensor to measure the actual air pressure in the tire where indirect sensors measure tire pressure based on how fast the tire is rotating.
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Indirect systems cost less but they need to be calibrated every time the tires are changed or rotated.
Adaptive Cruise Control
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Adaptive Cruise Control systems allow drivers to preset the desired distance between their vehicle and one they are approaching.
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When the Adaptive Cruise Control system is engaged it will automatically slow down the vehicle when it begins to approach traffic. When the traffic has cleared the vehicle will then accelerate back to its original speed.
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If additional braking is required by the driver the vehicle issues an audio warning prompting the driver to use the brakes.
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Some systems use cameras to detect traffic and others uses radar or lasers. Radar and laser systems are less effective on curvy roads and a system that utilizes various methods to detect traffic is ideal.
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The Adaptive Cruise Control is operated the same way as the traditional cruise control system.
Forward Collision Warning
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Forward Collision Warning is a system that warns drivers of potential frontal collisions.
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The system uses cameras, lasers and radar to detect collisions and issues an audio and visual warning to the driver.
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Some systems may even have the ability to apply the brakes in order to reduce the impact of a collision.
Lane Change Assistance
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This system helps drivers to change lanes by warning them when a car or object is in the vehicles blind spot.
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Most systems have a LED on or near the side mirror which lights up when there is a vehicle in the blind spot.
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Some systems will also sound an alarm if the turn signal is activated when the blind spot is occupied.
Adaptive Headlights
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This technology improves lighting when turning corners by rotating the headlights to follow the curve of the road.
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The system uses the vehicle’s speed and information from the steering wheel to determine when the car is entering a turn.
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When the car enters a turn the headlights are automatically rotated using a motor to provide better lighting when turning.
Parking Sensors
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Parking sensors are mounted on the front and back bumpers and warn the driver when an object is present.
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The system will emit a series of beeps that get faster as the vehicle gets closer to the object.
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More advanced systems may also use a camera to show the driver where and what the object is.
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The image is usually shown on a dashboard screen or a small screen on the rear-view mirror.
Advanced Parking Guidance System
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This system is designed to help drivers parallel and reverse park their cars. It helps the driver determine if the vehicle will fit in the parking space and also controls the steering.
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The driver is only required to manage the speed and to shift gears when necessary.
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The system uses a series of sensors on the front, rear and side of the car as well as a camera to gather information about the parking situation.
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The system will not work if the space is too small or if the space is on a steep incline.
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If purchasing a car with this system, it is important to get the proper training to prevent damage to surrounding vehicles.
Heads-up Display
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The Heads-up Display is a system that projects important vehicle information onto the windshield so the driver can keep their eyes on the road. The information is projected on a small part of the windshield usually just above the steering wheel.
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Information such as vehicle speed and cruise control settings are displayed.
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If a GPS system is in use information from this device can be displayed as well.
Drowsy Driver Alert
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The Drowsy Driver Alert monitors the driver’s behavior and driving technique in order to determine if a break is needed. It monitors the steering behavior, the way the pedals are used, the trip length and the time of day in order to build a driver profile. It uses this profile to determine when signs of fatigue are present.
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Other variations of the system may gather information from the road such as lane position and speed changes to determine signs of fatigue.
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When tiredness is detected a dashboard and audio warning are provided.
Cell-phone Integration
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Certain vehicles have the option to integrate your cell phone with the vehicle’s audio system. The integration uses Bluetooth technology and allows the driver to make a call through voice commands or buttons on the steering wheel.
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When receiving an incoming call the system automatically mutes the radio.
General Motors OnStar
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OnStar is an emergency system available in GM vehicles. The system allows the user to contact emergency services as well as navigation services through the touch of a button.
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The system also gathers information from the vehicle and relays this information to OnStar. If a major problem occurs with the vehicle an OnStar representative can contact the driver and inform them of any problems.
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OnStar is also able to unlock the doors of a vehicle if the keys have been locked inside.
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Similar systems are also available on vehicles made by BMW and Lexus.
Ford SYNC
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Ford Sync is very similar to the cell-phone integration system. In addition to integrating the cell-phone it allows the driver to control their music through voice commands. The driver is able to change songs and genres of music through voice commands.
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In addition to these features it can also call emergency services through a connected cell-phone when the air bags are deployed.
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This feature is only available in Ford vehicles.
Keyless ignition
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Keyless ignition allows the driver to start the vehicle by pushing a button that is mounted on the dashboard.
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In order for the system to work a key fob must be inside the vehicle. This system helps prevent theft.
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Some systems will also prevent the doors from locking while the fob is still inside the car to ensure that the fob is not locked inside the vehicle.
Capless fuel filling system
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Ford has designed a fuel system that does not require a fuel cap on the gas tank.
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Spring-loaded flaps pull back a tab when the nozzle is inserted.
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When the nozzle is removed it will automatically seal.
Airbags
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Many different styles of airbags are available.
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Most vehicles have airbags for occupants of the front seat.
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Many newer vehicles have side curtain airbags that protect vehicle occupants in a side impact crash.
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Newer versions of airbags are able to detect the weight of the vehicle occupant thus reducing the force with which the airbag is discharged, limiting injuries to the occupant caused by the airbag.
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The airbags of your vehicle should be at least 10 inches away from your chest. If you must sit closer than 10 inches determine if your vehicle has a shut-off option.
Vehicle Adaptations
There is considerable technology available that can be purchased after buying a vehicle. Some of this technology is commercially available. Other is more complex and requires recommendation from an occupational therapist or certified driver rehabilitation specialist. Regardless of the technology you obtain, it is very important that the technology does not alter the function of the safety equipment installed by the vehicle manufacturer.
Commercially-available products
CAUTION: It is important that you ensure these products are installed and functioning properly to avoid any safety hazards. It is also important to make sure you can operate any technology safely. Be sure that all of your technology is set up prior to departure. This will allow you to focus solely on driving and not on your technology. If you feel uncomfortable with a piece of technology ask for assistance from a store employee, friend or family member. These products should not interfere with the function of the vehicle as provided by the original manufacturer.
Cushions
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Seat cushions can improve vision, comfort and provide postural support. All three of these aspects are important to consider when driving and can make your experience safer and more enjoyable.
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There are various types of cushions available including full seat cushions, lumbar cushions and wedge cushions.
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If using a cushion ensure that it does not change the function of the seatbelts.
Bluetooth Phone Devices
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Bluetooth devices allow you to make and receive calls on your cell-phone without using your hands.
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The headset can be programmed to automatically answer incoming calls and to dial through voice prompts.
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The two most common types of Bluetooth devices are the in-ear headset and a device that can be clipped to your sun visor. There are also some available that can be mounted on your dashboard.
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It is important to be aware that holding a cell phone is not the only threat to safe driving that is related to cell phone use. Simply talking on a cell phone distracts a driver’s attention from the road. In most situations it is safest not to use a cell phone at all while driving or to pull over to the side of the road, when safe to do so, if a call must be made or received.
GPS systems
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In car GPS systems can provide directions when travelling in unfamiliar areas. Most systems work well in cities and small towns as well as in Canada and the United States.
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By entering your destination in the system, directions are provided through voice prompts telling you when to turn. It also will give you an estimated time of arrival.
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Some models include lane assist, which will instruct you on which lane you should be in.
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Advanced models may include a Bluetooth phone device built into the system.
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There are many different models made by various companies, some of which work better in certain areas. A store employee will be able to help you decide which is best for you.
Side Mirrors
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There are numerous sizes and shapes of convex or multifaceted mirrors that can be attached to your existing side mirrors in order to increase the driver’s field of vision. These devices can help with checking the blind spots that exist when using the standard side mirrors.
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Make sure you try these mirrors when the vehicle is stationary to ensure that you can use them properly.
Window Visors
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Window visors can be used to help your vision by reducing incoming sunlight. Visors can be attached to the front and rear driver and passenger side windows. These will help eliminate distracting sunlight that enters from the sides of your vehicle.
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You can also find an extension for the sun visor on the inside of the car, which will help block the sunlight that enters from the front of the vehicle.
Available from your Car Dealer
CAUTION: Before purchasing any adaptation for your vehicle it is useful to visit a certified driver rehabilitation specialist or an occupation therapist to determine that the following vehicle adaptations are appropriate for you. It is important to ensure that you are properly trained on how to use your device safely. It is also necessary to check with your vehicle’s dealership to ensure that any adaptations will function safely and not impact the safety features or ratings of your vehicle. All the modifications listed below may not be available on all vehicle brands or models.
Left Foot Accelerator
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This mechanical device is attached to floor and the accelerator. The pedal on the device is positioned to the left of the brake pedal and allows the driver to use their left foot for acceleration and braking.
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The device is easily removed so an alternative driver who uses their right foot can also use the vehicle.
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The left foot accelerator can only be used with automatic transmissions.
Gas Pedal Block
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The gas pedal block is typically used in conjunction with the left foot accelerator. The gas pedal block is a metal cover that blocks the original accelerator pedal so it is not accidentally contacted when using the left foot accelerator.
Pedal Extensions
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Pedal extensions are designed for individuals who cannot reach the standard accelerator or brake pedals. There are four different types of extensions that can be attached to your pedals. There are short (2-8 inch), medium (8-18 inch) and long (18+ inches) as well as a type that can be adjusted to fit the needs of various individuals.
Ignition
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If the driver is unable to turn the key in the ignition, a metal or plastic extension can be added to the key to increase the leverage, thus making the key easier to turn.
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If this modification is not suitable it is possible in some cases to have a push button ignition system installed in most vehicles.
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Some vehicles have a push button ignition as part of the standard vehicle design.
Turn Signals
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If for some reason the turn signal device cannot be used with the left hand it is possible to have a lever attached that will allow the driver to use their right hand to use the device.
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In some vehicles it is also possible to have an electrical turn signal device attached to the steering wheel or to a steering adapter.
Wipers, dimmer, horn, cruise control
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As with the turn signal these functions can be remotely controlled from the right side.
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The remotes can be attached to or placed next to the steering wheel or steering adapter.
Seatbelt
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Seatbelt modifications may be necessary to ensure proper fit, and thus proper function. Seat belt extensions should be available from your vehicle’s manufacturer and should only be purchased through an authorized dealer.
Available by recommendation from an Occupational Therapist or Driving Rehabilitation Specialist
CAUTION: The following adaptations should only be obtained if recommended or prescribed by a certified driver rehabilitation specialist or an occupation therapist so the proper adaption can be prescribed or recommended. These devices all change the method of driving considerably. It is important to ensure that you are properly trained on how to use your device safely and that these devices are installed by someone certified to do so. It is also necessary to check with your vehicle’s manufacturer to ensure that any adaptations will function safely and not impact the safety features or ratings of your vehicle.
Steering adaptations
Assistive devices for steering are typically used when a person has only one hand available for steering or when they are unable to grip the steering wheel properly. The various types of adaptations provide different ways to grasp the device and allow a person to properly steer the vehicle. The devices are attached to the steering wheel with two adjustable straps and can be set up for use with the left or right hand. The most common steering adaptations are described below.
Steering Knob
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The steering knob is a round knob attached to the steering wheel.
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The steering knob is best for those who are able to grip spherical objects, as they must be able to grasp the knob firmly.
Spin Pin
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The spin pin is designed similarly to the steering knob except with a cushioned upright pin in place of the knob.
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This device is designed for those who are able to grip cylindrical objects. This style allows the driver to securely wrap their hand around the pin.
V-Grip
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This adapter is used when a person’s grip is limited but they still have some ability to hold cylindrical objects.
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The adapter consists of two upright pins. One for the driver to hold and the other to help keep the hand and arm in place.
Palm Grip
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The palm grip is a flat plate that is attached to the wheel.
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This device allows the driver to place their hand flat on the plate and use it to turn the wheel.
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This device is recommended for those who have an impairment that prevents them from closing their hand.
Tri-Pin
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This device is used when the driver’s grip has very little function. It consists of three pins. One pin is for the driver to hold and the other two are to support the wrist and arm to keep them in place while steering the vehicle.
Amputee Ring
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This apparatus consists of a metal ring that is attached to the steering wheel. The ring is constructed to fit a prosthetic hook and can be adjusted to fit various types of prosthetics.
More information about selecting a vehicle that meets the older drivers’ needs can be found here.
* The preparation of the material for this section was supported by funding to Dr. Francois Michaud, Universite de Sherbrooke, from AUTO21, a Canadian Network of Centres of Excellence.*